sound groove

<av> (record) ■ Schallrille f

<av> ■ Tonrille f

• звукова бразд

sound groove

sound grooves

f <av> (Schallplatte) ■ sound groove

f <av> (Schallplatte) ■ sound groove

to jump the sound-groove.

( d. acul de patefon) to jump the sound-groove.

1 notch, groove.

2 nick (corte).

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► nombre femenino

1 (corte) nick, notch

2 (concavidad) mortise, mortice

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1) (=hendidura) notch, nick; [para encajar] groove, slot

2) (=marca) mark

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a) ( hendidura) nick, notch

b) ( para encajar) slot, groove

c) (Agr, Taur) mark

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= notch, pit, chip, nick.

Ex. Edge notch cards have a series of holes around the perimeter, and the piece of card between the hole and the edge of the card may be removed, using a punch, to form a notch.

Ex. The 120 mm diameter disc contains more than 20,000 tracks within which sound is represented in the same physical form (by microscopic pits and plateaus) as in an optical video disc.

Ex. Tongue studs frequently damage the person's teeth, causing tiny fractures and huge chips.

Ex. The table was purchased a year and a half ago as a conference table and has a few nicks and scratches but still looks good.

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* muesca de inserción = locating cut.

* perforado con muesca = notched.

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a) ( hendidura) nick, notch

b) ( para encajar) slot, groove

c) (Agr, Taur) mark

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1 (hendidura) nick, notch

2 (para encajar) slot, groove

3 ( Agr, Taur) mark

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a) ( hendidura) nick, notch

b) ( para encajar) slot, groove

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muesca nf

1. [marca, concavidad] notch, groove

2. [corte] nick

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f notch, groove

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muesca nf

: nick, notch

SUBJECT AREA: Recording

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After arriving in the USA in 1870 and becoming an American citizen, Berliner worked as a dry-goods clerk in Washington, DC, and for a period studied electricity at Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, New York. He invented an improved microphone and set up his own experimental laboratory in Washington, DC. He developed a microphone for telephone use and sold the rights to the Bell Telephone Company. Subsequently he was put in charge of their laboratory, remaining in that position for eight years. In 1881 Berliner, with his brothers Joseph and Jacob, founded the J.Berliner Telephonfabrik in Hanover, the first factory in Europe specializing in telephone equipment.

Inspired by the development work performed by T.A. Edison and in the Volta Laboratory (see C.S. Tainter), he analysed the existing processes for recording and reproducing sound and in 1887 developed a process for transferring lateral undulations scratched in soot into an etched groove that would make a needle and diaphragm vibrate. Using what may be regarded as a combination of the Phonautograph of Léon Scott de Martinville and the photo-engraving suggested by Charles Cros, in May 1887 he thus demonstrated the practicability of the laterally recorded groove. He termed the apparatus "Gramophone". In November 1887 he applied the principle to a glass disc and obtained an inwardly spiralling, modulated groove in copper and zinc. In March 1888 he took the radical step of scratching the lateral vibrations directly onto a rotating zinc disc, the surface of which was protected, and the subsequent etching created the groove. Using well-known principles of printing-plate manufacture, he developed processes for duplication by making a negative mould from which positive copies could be pressed in a thermoplastic compound. Toy gramophones were manufactured in Germany from 1889 and from 1892–3 Berliner manufactured both records and gramophones in the USA. The gramophones were hand-cranked at first, but from 1896 were based on a new design by E.R. Johnson. In 1897–8 Berliner spread his activities to England and Germany, setting up a European pressing plant in the telephone factory in Hanover, and in 1899 a Canadian company was formed. Various court cases over patents removed Berliner from direct running of the reconstructed companies, but he retained a major economic interest in E.R. Johnson's Victor Talking Machine Company. In later years Berliner became interested in aeronautics, in particular the autogiro principle. Applied acoustics was a continued interest, and a tile for controlling the acoustics of large halls was successfully developed in the 1920s.

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(n.) = groove characteristic

Ex. Other physical details, including, as appropriate, type of recording, playing speed, groove characteristics, track configuration, number of tracks, number of sound channels, recording and reproduction characteristics.

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